Multiple Philosophies of Integration: Policies in Spain and Italy

In the mid-nineties Freeman (1995) argued that the new immigration countries in Southern Europe would imitate the states’ responses and policy initiative of the  more experienced Northern countries. However,  the new immigration countries proved to detached themselves from the models implemented by their counterparts and find ―alternative ways‖. For example, the Migration and Integration Policy Index  (MIPEX,  "Migrant integration policy. Index III"  2011)5finds remarkable diversity  amongst them. Table 2 below lists the scores Italy and Spain receive together with the scores for the other new immigration countries and the Northern immigration countries. Not only have the new immigration countries reacted differently than their counterparts but the Southern European countries themselves took various positions...Read more