Despite the European Union’s guidance within its Common Basic Principles for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals that “integration is a two-way process of accommodation by all migrants and residents of member states” (Council of the European Union 2004), there remains a stubborn focus on individual migrant competences such as language attainment, employment, educational attainment, political participation, and citizenship, which is at best a partial reading of the dimensions outlined in the Brussels-led MIPEX initiative (Niessen at al. 2007). As a result, integration debates are now influenced by a proliferation of management information data, often coordinated by the EU.
The Discourses and Politics of Migration in Europe
